Is the relationship between the literal sense of the Song of Songs - as a dialogue of love between a man and woman - and its allegorical tradition - where the Song becomes a dialogue between God and His people (in the Jewish tradition) or between Christ and the Church or the soul of the believer (in the Christian tradition) entirely arbitrary? This study explores the poetics of the Song of Songs as a discourse of differenciation between the I and the You, masculine and feminine, and a discourse of communion, especially given the power of metaphors. This poetical form allows the Song of Songs to voice the discourse of the covenant of the entire Bible.