This article approaches the relations between the old and the new covenant indirectly trough a brief historical survey. After Pentecost the Twelve upheld the Sinaitic covenant as still valid for the Jewish people. However, the community of the disciples lived this covenant in the light of a new eschatology. Later on the reception of uncircumcised in full equality with the Jews will radically transform the character of the covenant. It will remain, nevertheless, the root of ecclesial life.
